Visiting Knossos, the Minoan palace near Heraklion: its history, Arthur Evans's reconstructions, the highlights to look for, and when and how to go.
Quick answer: Knossos is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and the centre of the Minoan civilisation, about 5 km south-east of central Heraklion. Allow one and a half to two hours, go early in the morning to avoid heat and tour groups, and visit the Heraklion Archaeological Museum to see the original frescoes and finds.
What is Knossos?
Knossos was the greatest of the Minoan palace centres, a vast complex of courtyards, storerooms, workshops, shrines and living quarters built around a central court. People lived on the hill from Neolithic times, and the palace was rebuilt several times during the Bronze Age, around 4,000 to 3,400 years ago. Greek myth links it with King Minos, the labyrinth and the Minotaur.
Who excavated Knossos?
A local antiquarian, Minos Kalokairinos, first dug at the site in 1878. The large excavations began in 1900 under the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans, who also rebuilt parts of the palace in reinforced concrete and added painted replicas of frescoes. These reconstructions help visitors imagine the buildings, but they are Evans's interpretation and remain debated by archaeologists.
Highlights to look for
- The Throne Room with its stone throne and benches, one of the oldest throne rooms in Europe.
- The North Entrance, with a replica of the charging bull fresco.
- The Grand Staircase leading to the royal apartments.
- The Queen's Megaron and its dolphin fresco (a replica).
- The West Magazines, rows of storerooms with huge clay jars (pithoi).
- The South Propylaeum with replica procession frescoes.
See the originals in Heraklion
The original frescoes, the Phaistos Disc and the most precious Minoan finds are in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Visiting the museum before or after Knossos makes the site far easier to understand. Ask about a combined ticket.
How do I get to Knossos from Heraklion?
City buses run from central Heraklion to the site, and taxis are quick. If you are driving from Chania or Rethymno, take the national road to Heraklion and follow the signs; there is parking near the entrance.
What is the best time to visit Knossos?
Arrive at opening time or late in the afternoon. There is little shade, and cruise and coach groups crowd the site from mid-morning. Bring water, a hat and comfortable shoes.
Is a guide worth it at Knossos?
Yes, if you want the stories behind the ruins. Licensed guides wait at the entrance, or you can download an audio guide before you go.
Exploring the centre of the island? Read our guide to Heraklion and the museums of Crete.
