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Falasarna was an ancient Greek city-state located at the western end of Crete.The area was inhabited from the Middle Minoan to the middle of the 1st century BC, but the history of the city remains unknown until the 4th century BC. It was strategically positioned to control the maritime trade routes to North Africa and Italy, and its legal status and political system led to the development of a progressive society. Its economy was primarily dependent on its relationship with the sea, which allowed for the creation of a strong naval infrastructure. The city was fortified in the 4th century BC with walls and military architecture.
The Falasarnians were skilled seafarers who traded with the peoples of the East and the Mediterranean, had close relations with the Phoenicians, and were experts in military affairs and martial arts. They produced silver and copper coins and worshipped the goddess Diktynna in a temple built on the acropolis.
The city-state was renowned for its naval superiority and dominance of the sea, which earned it a place in the history of ancient Greek civilization. However, its constant rivalries and wars with other powerful city-states in the region, as well as frequent earthquakes and geological changes, weakened it economically, leading it to piracy and incurring the wrath of Rome. Falasarna was destroyed by the Romans in 67 BC, along with the rest of Crete, during operations against the pirates, which freed up the Mediterranean trade routes.
Finally, in 365 AD, one of the strongest earthquakes recorded in human history lifted the entire coastal area of Falasarna from the depths of the sea, raising the coast by 6.5 meters, while the ensuing tsunami inundated the city, burying its port under tons of sediment and marine mud for 1,600 years.
Excavations began in 1966 in the cemetery area, revealing hundreds of artifacts, some of which are displayed in the Kissamos and Chania Museums. In 1986, research excavations began, documenting the existence of the ancient port and revealing monumental structures such as long fortifications, defensive towers, piers, public roads, baths, wine production tanks, altars, and artifacts that document the history of the ancient seafaring city. Today, Falasarna is known for its unique beaches, and ongoing excavations may reveal more about the ancient city and add to our knowledge of human history.
